Safety first

*Always disconnect the negative terminal of the battery before performing any electrical work.
* Wear safety glasses and gloves.
*Use insulated tools.
* Work in a well-lit and ventilated area.

Reference materials

*Car Owner’s Manual
* Collection of car electrical circuits
* Multimeter
* Wire strippers
* Electrical tape, heat shrink tubing
* Terminals and connectors

Basic Concepts

* Voltage: The difference in electrical potential between two points. Measured in volts (V).
* Current: the flow of charges flowing through a conductor. Measured in amperes (A).
* Resistance: The obstacle a conductor provides to current flow. Measured in ohms (ohms).
* Ohm’s Law: U = I * R, where U is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.

Basic Steps

1. Definition of the problem

* Describe the problem as accurately as possible.
* Check fuses, relays and switches.
* Use a multimeter to check the voltage and current at the appropriate points.

2. Diagnostics

* Check wiring and connectors for breaks, shorts and corrosion.
* Use a set of wiring diagrams to determine the circuit trace.
* Check circuit components such as sensors, relays and motors.

3. Repair

* Replace damaged wires, connectors or components.
*Use the correct tools for stripping and splicing wires.
* Securely insulate all connections.

4. Testing

* Connect the negative terminal of the battery.
*Check if the problem is resolved.
* Carry out a road test to ensure the reliability of the repair.

General Tips

* Work systematically and pay attention to detail.
* Take notes and photos during the process.
* Don’t hesitate to ask a mechanic for help if you encounter any difficulties.
* Keep your vehicle clean and tidy to allow easy access to electrical components.
* Maintain your vehicle’s electrical system regularly to prevent problems.

Thanks for reading!